- According to new measurements, 69% of the universe consists of dark matter. The remaining 31% consists of mysterious gravitational dark matter, which is responsible for both visible and yet unexplained movements and effects of matter.
- However, approximately 80% of the universe has dark matter, which can be composed of subatomic particles.
- The research team created simulations involving dark energy and matter to make measurements.The closest simulations to the longed-for galaxy clustersof %31 at the rate a substance consisting of tobelonging to the universe He observed that it was.
A new measurement of the universe has confirmed that dark energy accounts for close to 69% of everything in the universe.
The remaining 31% consists of matter of both the visible kind (particles and forces we can see) and the mysterious gravitational dark matter responsible for currently unexplained motions and effects.
“Cosmologists believe that only 20 percent of total matter consists of ordered matter, or ‘baryonic’ matter, that contains stars, galaxies, atoms and life,” said astronomer Mohamed Abdullah of the National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics in Egypt and Chiba University in Japan. “Approximately 80% of the universe consists of dark matter, whose nature is not yet known and may consist of some undiscovered subatomic particles.” said.
Dark energy is a force and we don’t know what it is yet. That’s the name we give to whatever is causing the universe to expand rapidly. Repeated measurements tend to hover around 70%. It was revealed that dark matter constitutes most of the matter and energy density of the universe.
Until now, it has been extremely difficult to determine the rate of expansion of the universe. But there are many reasons why scientists want to do this. Reducing the matter and energy density of the universe could help scientists understand what dark energy is, how it has affected the expansion of the universe to date, and what might happen in the future.
A tried and true way to calculate how much dark energy is in the universe is based on galaxy clusters. Because these clusters consist of matter that came together under gravity throughout the universe’s approximately 13.8 billion-year lifespan.
By comparing the number of galaxies in a cluster and the mass of the cluster with numerical simulations, scientists can calculate the ratios of matter and energy.
“Since today’s galaxy clusters are formed from matter that has collapsed under its own gravity over billions of years, the number of clusters currently observed, or ‘cluster abundance,’ is very sensitive to cosmological conditions and, in particular, to the total amount of matter,” said Gillian Wilson, an astronomer at the University of California Merced. said.
But since most of the mass is provided by dark matter, it is difficult to directly measure the mass of a galaxy cluster. The researchers instead determined the mass of the galaxy clusters in the databases by calculating the number of galaxies in each, which the team carefully analyzed to ensure that each contained only cluster galaxies using the GalWeight technique. Because larger clusters have more galaxies, a relationship known as the mass-richness relationship (MMR), the researchers were able to estimate the total mass of each of the sample clusters.
They then performed numerical simulations to create galaxy clusters containing varying proportions of dark energy and matter. The closest simulations to observed galaxy clusters were of a universe composed of 31% matter.
This is a very close result to the team’s previous work, which put the dark energy ratio at 68.5% and the matter ratio at 31.5%. It also agrees very well with other measurements of the matter-energy density of the universe.
“We managed to make the first measurement of matter density using MRR, which is in excellent agreement with the result obtained by the Planck team using the background cosmic temperature method,” said Tomoaki Ishiyama, an astronomer at Chiba University. “This work demonstrates that it is a competitive technique for constraining cosmological parameters of cluster abundance and complements non-cluster techniques such as CMB anisotropies, baryon acoustic oscillations, Type Ia supernovae or gravitational lensing.” says.
Research The Astrophysical in the Journal published.
Compiled by: Burçin Bağatur
